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Á¦1Àå General Aspects of Buddhism(7)-ÇطοòÀÌ ¾ø´Â À¯ÀÍÇÑ ¼±Á¤ÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

writer : ´ã¸¶ ³¯Â¥ : 2017-09-03 (ÀÏ) 20:27 hits : 483

One has to know the characteristic of calm which is wholesome, free from akusala. Then there can be conditions for more calm. Calm in samatha can reach such a high degree that one becomes totally absorbed in the meditation subject. There are different stages of this calm absorption or "jhāna". During jhāna one does not receive impressions through the five senses and thus one is at those moments not enslaved to them. One enjoys a higher happiness. In higher stages of jhāna one attains a greater tranquillity of mind until one no longer feels rapture or joy; one transcends happy feeling and there is equanimity instead. When, however, the citta is not jhānacitta, there are sense-impressions again.
ÇطοòÀÌ ¾ø´Â À¯ÀÍÇÑ ¼±Á¤ÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¾ß¸¸ ´õ ³ªÀº ¼±Á¤ÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¸¶Å¸ÀÇ °í¿äÇÔÀº ¸í»óÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ¿ÂÀüÈ÷ ¸ôÀÔÇÒ ¶§ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°í ³ôÀº ¼öÁØ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼±Á¤ÀÇ ¸ôÀÔ Áï, ÀÚ³ª¿¡´Â ¿©·¯ ´Ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼±Á¤ »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È ¿ì¸®´Â ´Ù¼¸ °¡Áö °¨°¢±â°üÀ» ÅëÇÑ °¨°¢ÀλóÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±× ¼ø°£¿¡´Â °¨°¢¿¡¼­ ÇعæµÇ¾î ´õ ³ôÀº ÇູÀ» ´©¸°´Ù. ±íÀº ¼±Á¤¿¡ µé¾î°¡¸é Ä¿´Ù¶õ Æò¿ÂÀ» ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾î¶² ¿­Á¤¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÈ÷±â Àü±îÁö °è¼ÓµÈ´Ù. Çູ°¨À» ³Ñ¾î ÆòÁ¤ÀÇ »óÅ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¶À½ÀÌ ¼±Á¤¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª¸é °¨°¢ÀλóÀº ´Ù½Ã ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.


Samatha is a means for the cultivation of wholesomeness. People who apply themselves to samatha may become very peaceful and amiable. They can be of great comfort to people who are restless.
»ç¸¶Å¸´Â ¼±½ÉÀ» °è¹ßÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀÌ´Ù. »ç¸¶Å¸ ¼öÇàÀ» ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸Å¿ì ÆòÈ­·Ó°í ¿ìÈ£ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ºÒ¾ÈÇØÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§·ÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


However, in samatha defilements are not eradicated. Although one is not enslaved to sense-impressions during the time of jhāna, one still clings to them when the citta is no longer jhānacitta. The jhānas do not last; they are impermanent. Moreoever, there is a more subtle form of clinging, a clinging to the happiness of the jhānas.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ »ç¸¶Å¸¿¡¼­´Â ¹ø³ú°¡ »Ñ¸® »ÌÈ÷Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ºñ·Ï ¼±Á¤¿¡ ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡´Â °¨°¢ÀÎ»ó¿¡ ¼Ó¹ÚµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ»Áö¶óµµ ¼±Á¤¿¡¼­ ³ª¿ÔÀ» ¶§´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÁýÂøÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ³ª´Â Áö¼ÓµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ¹«»óÇÏ´Ù. ´õ±¸³ª ¼±Á¤ÀÇ Çູ¿¡ ÁýÂøÇÏ´Â ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ Å½¿åÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.


One might think that one is without clinging when one does not indulge in sense-pleasures. However, one might still cling to the joy of jhāna feeling or equanimity which can accompany jhānacitta.
°¨°¢Àû ¿å¸Á¿¡ Ž´ÐÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§´Â ÁýÂøÀÌ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ¼±Á¤½É¿¡ ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Â Æò¿ÂÀ̳ª ¼±Á¤ÀÇ Çູ¿¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÁýÂøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.


For the development of samatha paññā is necessary, but this kind of paññā cannot eradicate defilements. There is a higher paññā which can eradicate all defilements, even the most subtle forms of clinging. This paññā
is developed in "insight meditation" or "vipassanā. In vipassanā paññā gradually eliminates ignorance, the root of all defilements. One learns more about the realities which present themselves through eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body-sense and mind at any moment. We know so little about the most common things of daily life.
»ç¸¶Å¸ ÁöÇý¸¦ °è¹ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·± ÁöÇý·Î´Â ¹ø³ú¸¦ »Ñ¸® »ÌÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ÁýÂøÀÏÁö¶óµµ ¸ðµç ¹ø³ú¸¦ »Ñ¸® »ÌÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´õ ³ôÀº ÁöÇý°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÅëÂû¸í»ó Áï, À§ºü»ç³ª¿¡¼­ °è¹ßµÈ´Ù. À§ºü»ç³ª¿¡¼­ ¹«Áö Áï, ¸ðµç ¹ø³úÀÇ »Ñ¸®´Â ¼­¼­È÷ Á¦°ÅµÈ´Ù. ´«, ±Í, ÄÚ, Çô, ¸ö, ¸¶À½À» ÅëÇØ ¾î´À ¶§¶óµµ ¿ì¸® ¾Õ¿¡ Çö½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ½ÇÀç¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ À§ºü»ç³ª ¼öÇàÀÚµéÀº ¼­¼­È÷ ¹è¿ö ³ª°£´Ù.


How often are we aware of bodily movements during the day? How often are we aware of bodily phenomena such as hardness or softness while we are stretching or bending our arms, or when we are moving our lips while talking? We do not really know what sound is, what hearing is or what it is we take for "self" while hearing. We do not know the phenomena which appear at the present moment.
¿ì¸®´Â ÇÏ·ç Áß¿¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÀÚÁÖ ¸öÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸± ¼ö Àִ°¡? ¸öÀ» »¸°Å³ª ÆÈÀ» ±¸ºÎ¸± ¶§ ¶Ç´Â ¸»À» Çϸ鼭 ÀÔ¼úÀ» ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ ¶§ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÀÚÁÖ ¸öÀÇ ´Ü´ÜÇÔ°ú ºÎµå·¯¿òÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸®°í Àִ°¡?


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